Effects of ultraviolet B exposure on DNA methylation in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of ultraviolet B (UVB) exposure on DNA methylation in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and its significance in the pathogenesis of SLE. T cells from 35 SLE patients and 21 healthy individuals were cultured and irradiated with UVB. The global DNA methylation profiles of the T cells obtained from the patients and controls following irradiation with UVB were assessed using specific monoclonal antibodies for 5-methylcytosine and analyzed quantitatively through flow cytometry. Real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to analyze the levels of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) and methyl CpG binding domain protein 2 (MBD2) in T cells from the patients and controls following UVB irradiation. Significant global DNA hypomethylation was observed in the SLE patients compared with the controls (P<0.01). The SLE patients also had significantly lower levels of DNMT1 mRNA expression (P<0.01) and significantly higher levels of MBD2 mRNA compared with the controls (P<0.01). DNA methylation was decreased following UVB irradiation at two different dosages and the DNA methylation levels of the patients with active SLE were more sensitive to UVB. The level of DNMT1 mRNA was decreased following UVB irradiation at the higher dosage in the patients with active SLE, but no significant difference was observed in MBD2 mRNA expression. UVB exposure is able to inhibit DNA methylation and DNMT1 mRNA expression, which is subsequently involved in the epigenetic mechanism of SLE. The process by which DNA hypomethylation occurs in patients with SLE is complicated and the multiple factors that are involved in DNA methylation and demethylation events require further study.